Sister, Sister. (TV series) Sister, Sister is an American television sitcom starring Tia and Tamera Mowry as identical twin sisters separated at birth who are reunited as teenagers. It premiered on April 1, 1994, on ABC as part of its TGIF comedy lineup, and finished its run on The WB on May 23, 1999, airing 119 episodes over six seasons. [1 ...Apache/2.4.52 (Ubuntu) Server at www.thefamilynation.com Port 80LisaRaye is a Queen darling!Da Brat's big sister has been officially named Queen Mother of Ghana.Lisa Raye. AKA LisaRaye McCoy. Born: 23-Sep-1966 Birthplace: Chicago, IL Gender: Female Race or Ethnicity: Black Sexual orientation: Straight Occupation: Actor Nationality: United States Executive summary: All of Us Sister: Da Brat (rapper, half-sister) Husband: Tony Martin (div., one daughter) Daughter: Kai Husband: Michael Eugene Misick …#AmberRiley took to #Twitter to say she cannot stand when people call her Mercedes from her role on #Glee. #DaBrat reveals how her sister #LisaRayeMcCoy hand...X. Actress LisaRaye stunned her colleagues on the FoxSoul streaming show "Cocktails with Queens" last month when their birthday surprise of her sister Da Brat appearing on the show went left ...Tia Landry (Tia Mowry) is the intelligent twin from inner city Detroit, where her adoptive mother Lisa (Jackée Harry) works as a seamstress;Tamera Campbell (Tamera Mowry) is the boy-crazy twin from the suburbs, where her adoptive father Ray (Tim Reid) owns a successful limousine service. After their unexpected reunion, Ray reluctantly allows ...BAMF voted for 2 images 7 years, 9 months ago. LisaRaye - McCoy was born in Chicago, Illinois, the daughter of a businessman and professional model. She is the half sister of rap artist Da Brat. McCoy attended Thornridge High School and Kenwood Academy before attending Eastern Illinois University.Re: LISARAYE'S momma, sister and friends pixs from BRIDAL SHOWER. WTF. We was beginners / in the hood as five percenters / but somethin must of got in us / cuz we all turned to sinners -Antonio Cruz. "Any fool can learn from his own mistakes but a wise guy like yourself can learn from the mistakes of others. Be yourself or you just might …Sister, Sister. (TV series) Sister, Sister is an American television sitcom starring Tia and Tamera Mowry as identical twin sisters separated at birth who are reunited as teenagers. It premiered on April 1, 1994, on ABC as part of its TGIF comedy lineup, and finished its run on The WB on May 23, 1999, airing 119 episodes over six seasons. [1 ...Re: LISARAYE'S momma, sister and friends pixs from BRIDAL SHOWER. WTF. We was beginners / in the hood as five percenters / but somethin must of got in us / cuz we all turned to sinners -Antonio Cruz. "Any fool can learn from his own mistakes but a wise guy like yourself can learn from the mistakes of others. Be yourself or you just might …Courtneyb. February 13, 2023. Actress LisaRaye just shared that her mother Katie McCoy has passed.Just last week, the Single Ladies actress was on The Breakfast Club with Charlamagne and DJ Envy ...4.1K. It was exciting news when rapper Da Brat, 48, and her wife Jessica "Judy" Harris-Dupart announced they were expecting their first bundle of joy, but since then, rumors have swirled that the Funkdafied entertainer did not inform her sister LisaRaye McCoy of the news. According to reports, McCoy found out how the rest of the world did: online.. But Dupart refuted those claims, although ...Actress LisaRaye McCoy opens up to Iyanla about her very public spat with her half-sister, rapper Da Brat. Tune in to the season premiere of "Iyanla: Fix My Life" on Saturday, April 10 at 9/8c, only on OWN.LisaRaye McCoy has officially done what many children are never prepared for: She said goodbye to her mother.. The 55-year-old actress updated her 2.2 million Instagram followers by giving them a ...Adding a note of musical talent to the mix, LisaRaye has a sister named Da Brat, a well-known rapper in the United States. LisaRaye McCoy's educational journey took her through various institutions, including St. James College Prep, Kenwood Academy, and Thornridge High School, where she graduated in 1986.thanks for viewing, for updates be sure to subscribe!like, comment & share! #lisaraye #playersclub #diamondfor more exclusive content follow us on:facebook: ...September 23, 2019. Lisa Raye was crowned Queen Mother of Ghana. The enstoolment ceremony was held yesterday, the day before her birthday, at the Cicada Restaurant & Club in downtown Los Angeles ...During a recent interview, speaking about her episode of "Iyanla Fix My Life," LisaRaye shared the advice Iyanla offered her about the tension between herself and her sister Da Brat.Actress LisaRaye McCoy opens up to Iyanla about her very public spat with her half-sister, rapper Da Brat. Tune in to the season premiere of "Iyanla: Fix My Life" on Saturday, April 10 at 9/8c, only on OWN.The beautiful Lisa Raye stopped by for a Wildstyle battle.TURN UP! Wild 'N Out is now streaming on Paramount+ 🙌 http://www.paramountplus.com/?ftag=PPM-05-10...If you've ever been curious about what's involved in becoming a nun, we'll explain all the steps as well as the difference between nuns and sisters. Advertisement A lot of life cho...LisaRaye McCoy shared some surprising information about a pregnancy announcement concerning her sister. During an appearance on Raquel Harper’s It’s Tricky with Raquel Harper podcast, LisaRaye revealed that she wasn’t given any sort of heads up about her sister’s pregnancy announcement before the rest of the world found out.Feb 17, 2022 · As reported by TMZ, when Harper asked how she felt about Brat having a baby, a visibly upset McCoy dropped a one-word response, “Wonderful,” she said.. The last time the sisters were publicly ... Caption: 07 November 2013 - Las Vegas, NV - LisaRaye. Sister 2 Sister Magazine 25th Anniversary Party at The Palms Casino resort. Photo Credit: mjt/AdMedia; Celebrity: Lisa Raye, LisaRaye; Event: Sister 2 Sister Magazine Anniversary Party November 7, 2013; Location: Las Vegas, NV, United States ...Wiki/Biography. Lisa Ray was born as 'Lisa Rani Ray' on 4 April 1972 (age 47 years; as in 2019) in Toronto, Canada. Her Zodiac sign is Aries. Lisa Ray As A Child. She spent some of her time in Kolkata, during her childhood. She did her schooling from Etobicoke Collegiate Institute in Toronto, Canada, Richview Collegiate Institute in Toronto ...Sibling duo LisaRaye McCoy and DaBrat have each had more than their fair share of success in the entertainment industry. Actress and talk show host McCoy got her breakthrough with her portrayal of ...LisaRaye McCoy shared some surprising information about a pregnancy announcement concerning her sister.. During an appearance on Raquel Harper's It's Tricky with Raquel Harper podcast, LisaRaye revealed that she wasn't given any sort of heads up about her sister's pregnancy announcement before the rest of the world found out.. During the interview shared on TMZ, McCoy opened up about ...5:44 AM. In an interview with VH1.com, LisaRaye pulled no punches about what led to her divorce from ex-husband and former chief minister of the Turks and Caicos Islands, Michael Misick. The star ...LisaRaye McCoy and Da Brat have had a few fallouts in recent years. As the rapper's budding relationship with Jessica "Judy" Dupart blossomed, McCoy felt she was not part of her sister's happiness. In the forthcoming season of Dupart and Brat's WE tv reality series, McCoy will make her feelings known about the couple's decision to share with the world that they were going to have a ...5. Asking for a Friend (2023– ) 42 min | Reality-TV. Rate this. In this series, two besties try to find love matches for each other. Stars: TS Madison, LisaRaye McCoy, Norman Wakefield, Tracy Cunningham. 6. A House Divided …The 1000 lb Sisters are two sisters from Kentucky who have captured the hearts of viewers worldwide with their inspiring journey towards weight loss and improved health. Tammy and ...LisaRaye McCoy and Da Brat have had public fallouts. Da Brat has found real love with Jesseca "Judy" Dupart. And the couple has decided to open up about their romance of "Brat Loves Judy.". On the previous season, Da Brat and LisaRaye McCoy opened up about their fallout. Da Brat surprised her sister for her birthday by popping up on ...About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright ...The world knew Reigndrop Lopes' older sister as Left Eye, TLC's forward-thinking rap diva who died in a car accident on April 25, 2002.To Raina, she was Lisa, a fun-loving sister-friend with a ...Da Brat gets emotional while talking with her sister LisaRaye. #GUHHATLSubscribe to the #WEtv channel for more clips: https://goo.gl/1CiBkLLike on Facebook: ...Da Brat's sister LisaRaye posts video wearing white gown on her wedding day. LisaRaye, better known for her role in the movie "The Players Club" and the series "All of Us," recently reminisced on her wedding day with a homemade video where she compared her big day to the Royal wedding. Fans had a lot to say about the bold move, calling ...Should volunteer coaches have liability insurance? Visit HowStuffWorks to learn about coaches and liability insurance. Advertisement So, your niece's after-school soccer team needs...Balancing Motherhood, Career and Relationships With LisaRaye McCoy By: Nicole Scott. On the heels off a successful season of LisaRaye: The Real McCoy on TV One, the launch of her new clothing line, and a new romantic comedy, Single Ladies, LisaRaye is putting the final touches on her career and proving that a woman can have it all; if she is willing to work through the nose bleeds.In a recent interview with theGrio, LisaRaye McCoy. opened up about the new year, her role on A House Divided, and more. A House Divided, ALLBLK’s Daytime Emmy-nominated series, returned for a fourth season this month, returning viewers to the world of the Sanders family, “the founders and owners of a historical Black-owned bank ...In a recent interview, Lisa Raye called out Vivica Fox for swapping spit in public with her new boy toy but now pics have surfaced of him whispering sweet nothings in her ear… Lisa Raye: I ain't no Vivica either, honey. I ain't with the Cougar sh*t! You know my reputation …She's not a gold digger and she ain't gon' be with a broke ni**a!…Sister, Sister. episodes. Sister, Sister is an American sitcom that was created by Kim Bass, Gary Gilbert, Fred Shafferman that originally aired on ABC and later The WB. It premiered on April 1, 1994, and ended on May 23, 1999, with a total of 119 episodes over the course of 6 seasons.Xenia and Lisa were just trying to keep up with older sister Amaya and older brother LJ, who is in the midst of his college career at Thomas College in Maine. All four Raye kids would head for the ...In an emotional video, LisaRaye McCoy and Da Brat seemingly end their feud with a tearful embrace at Da Brat's recent birthday party. As theGrio previously reported, LisaRaye and Da Brat stopped speaking to each other at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, leading to months-long almost radio silence between the siblings. Now, it seems the sisters have finally buried the hatchet, ending ...Business. LisaRaye McCoy talks ‘All the Way Black,’ entrepreneurship. The actress is dishing on her upcoming shows, her flourishing business and her relationship with sister Da Brat.LisaRaye has two famous sisters: Da Brat and Daphne Duplaix. Da Brat, whose real name is Shawntae Harris, is a renowned rapper and actress. She has achieved great success in the music industry with hits like “Funkdafied” and “Give It 2 You.”. Daphne Duplaix, on the other hand, is an accomplished actress and model who has appeared in ...Brat's 51-year-old big sister LisaRaye McCoy is known as a professional model and actress — All of Us, Single Ladies.But few know that she also held the title of First Lady of Turks and Caicos ...Clip from Season 2, Episode 18: Single White Teenager •••Disclaimer: I do not owned the clip. All rights goes to Paramount Pictures.103 views 9 minutes ago. Show more. LisaRaye is Da Brat's big sister, and LisaRaye talked to us about the changes in her little sister's life SUBSCRIBEhttp://bit.ly/2zoGO7yMORE...June 20, 2023 · 3 min read. 8. As her pregnancy nears its end, rapper Da Brat. is sharing some sweet moments with her older sister LisaRaye McCoy. “When your big sister pulls up and loves on...Lisa Raye. 4,130,321 likes · 5,982 talking about this. Actress, spokes model, mother, business woman...and FIRST LADY!!!Source:Getty. DaBrat and her sister First Lady LisaRaye Misick during Turks & Caicos International Film Festival – Inside at World Trade Center @ Sun Trust Plaza in Atlanta, Georgia, United States. (Photo by Rick Diamond/WireImage) 6. LisaRaye, Kimora Lee Simmons & Da Brat. Source:Getty.Da Brat and Judy’s new baby, True, is adorable. Just ask his aunt, LisaRaye McCoy. After watching an intimate moment between True and Da Brat’s big sister on Instagram, we’re tryi…Lisa Raye [Instagram] So, of course the past dating rumors about her and the holy ghost shoutin' Bishop Jones turned more than a few heads. The rumors first surfaced around 2011-ish, that the two were so serious, they were considering marriage. It wasn't until 2013, that Bishop Jones spoke out publicly regarding Lisa Raye and he gave an ...Oct 27, 2023 · Discover the lesser-known family ties of renowned rapper and actress Da Brat siblings, her half-sister, LisaRaye McCoy, and her brother. Da Brat, whose real name is Shawntae Harris-Dupart, and Heavenly Kimes are remarkable individuals, each leaving an indelible mark in their respective fields. Let’s take a closer look at their diverse careers ... LisaRaye was raised in Chicago alongside her paternal half-sister Shawntae Harris-Dupart - aka Da Brat - by her mother Katie McCoy who was a professional model, and father David Ray McCoy who was a businessman. LisaRaye studied at St. James College Prep prior to moving to Kenwood Academy, and then to Thornridge High School.Sister, Sister. episodes. Sister, Sister is an American sitcom that was created by Kim Bass, Gary Gilbert, Fred Shafferman that originally aired on ABC and later The WB. It premiered on April 1, 1994, and ended on May 23, 1999, with a total of 119 episodes over the course of 6 seasons.Da Brat said of big sis, "my sister can get critical sometimes and she don't care what she say or how she makes you feel sometimes. That's just who she is and that's her being a protective ...Last week week actress LisaRaye and her sister Da Brat got into an argument on FOX SOUL And now The Streets News has learned that Da Brat's girlfriend is thr...Jan 23, 2024 · According to the 2024 estimates, Lisa Raye net worth is around $9 million. Explore more about the Lisa Raye earnings, income, salary, assets, expenditures, career and other details. LisaRaye McCoy is a famous American fashion designer. She has also been an eminent actress. She had gained her Fame and income by playing the role of Diana Diamond ... LisaRaye McCoy, born September 23, 1967, is an actress, model, fashion designer, and businesswoman from the U.S. She is best recognized for her part in the comedy-drama movie “The Players Club” as Diane Armstrong. She was also a prominent character in the popular comedy series “Single Ladies.”. McCoy made her cinematic debut in the ...The internet believes LisaRaye McCoy said she didn’t know about her sister Da Brat and wife Jesseca Dupart’s expanding family until she saw it on the internet, but Dupart is saying something different.. According to Page Six, the controversy happened because of a 2022 podcast episode of It’s Tricky with Raquel Harper.In the interview, she …Free Billy: Directed by Terri McCoy. With Tia Mowry, Tamera Mowry-Housley, Jackée Harry, Marques Houston. The twins find a pig that's being abused and decide to take him and hide him in their house, forcing Ray and Lisa to face a tough decision when they find out.Sister ( Da Brat) School: St. James College Prep, Kenwwod Academy Thornridge High School: College: Eastern Illinois University: Religion: Christian: Nationality: American: ... Lisa Raye McCoy was born on 23 September 1967 in Chicago, Illinois, U.S. Lisa Raye McCoy is also known as Lisa Raye, an American actress. She is not only an actress, but ...Lisa Raye McCoy has debut her new reality show titled "The Real McCoy" and it does not paint her in a flattering light. McCoy is a Hollywood actress that had a few minor film roles and co-starred on a sitcom that was moderately successful. ... Kai (Lisa Rae's daughter), Lisa Raye McCoy and sister Da Brat (incarcerated rapper) Now McCoy is back ...Browse Getty Images' premium collection of high-quality, authentic Lisa Raye Mccoy stock photos, royalty-free images, and pictures. Lisa Raye Mccoy stock photos are available in a variety of sizes and formats to fit your needs.Introducing Da Brat: LisaRaye's Sister. Shawntae Harris, better known by her stage name Da Brat, is the sister of LisaRaye McCoy. Born on April 14, 1974, Da Brat has made significant contributions to the music industry over the years. She is an accomplished rapper, songwriter, and actress.Why LisaRaye McCoy was upset over Da Brat's announcement. Friction rose between LisaRaye McCoy and Da Brat when the actor believed that she had once again been left out in the cold by her sister ...Who Is The Father Of LisaRaye McCoy? David Ray Mccoy was born on 6 March 1935, in Henleyfield, Pearl River, Mississippi, USA. He was born to Jesse McCoy and Violee Byrd McCoy. He is a businessman based in Chicago. He was the owner of several hotels and nightclubs. He is the father of LisaRaye McCoy and her half-sister Da Brat.Aug 16, 2023 ... 138 Likes, TikTok video from Them Boyz Cray (@themboyzcray): “Love to see it. #LisaRaye visits her nephew. #family #daBrat #sisters #foryou” ...Da Brat's sister LisaRaye posts video wearing white gown on her wedding day. LisaRaye, better known for her role in the movie “The Players Club” and the series “All of Us,” recently reminisced on her wedding day with a homemade video where she compared her big day to the Royal wedding. Fans had a lot to say about the bold move, …What was supposed to be a heartfelt birthday surprise for LisaRaye by sister Da Brat ended up being quite the cringe-worthy moment caught live on Fox Soul's Cocktails With Queens show. As it …Browse 3,358. lisa raye. photos and images available, or start a new search to explore more photos and images. Showing Editorial results for lisa raye. Search instead in Creative? of 56. Browse Getty Images' premium collection of high-quality, authentic Lisa Raye photos & royalty-free pictures, taken by professional Getty Images photographers.Paul Archuleta/Getty Images. In the '90s, Tamera Mowry Housley was known for starring in the beloved series "Sister, Sister" as the mischievous, boy-crazy twin. Since then, Mowry-Housley has gone on to find success, both with her sister and solo (via IMDb ). Outside of starring in television movies, they had a reality series called "Tia ...The Season Finale is only a few days away. What do you want to see for Season 3? LisaRaye loves her fans, so make sure to vote so you can watch what you like.LisaRaye McCoy was born on September 23, 1967, in Chicago, Illinois, the United States. She is 53 years old as of June 2021. She stands at the height of 5 feet 5 inches (1.69 meters). ... She has a sister, Da Brat, who is a rapper and actress. Talking about her education, the actress went to St. James College Prep, Kenwood Academy. …LisaRaye McCoy has made a major decision in her abrupt engagement to her reality TV fiancé as the actress recently revealed that they have decided to break things off after just one month.Brat tries to reconcile with her estranged sister LisaRaye over their public falling out. Judy struggles to parent her daughter Deja in the right direction.” Brat Loves Judy airs Thursday at 9 p ...Condolences are in order for LisaRaye McCoy, who revealed the passing of her 77-year-old mother, Katie McCoy, this weekend. The actress, who's best known for her role as Diamond in "The ...DDG Says His Girlfriend Halle Bailey Shouldn't Have To Pay For Dinner, Ubers, Trips, Or FlightsMy girlfriend Lisa Raye aka Ms Seasoned's twin sister wants me really bad. What should I do y'all? #TheTwinSister (Part 2) by #Latruth #ViralThe Season Finale is only a few days away. What do you want to see for Season 3? LisaRaye loves her fans, so make sure to vote so you can watch what you like.Actress LisaRaye McCoy recently did an interview where she shared that she introduced her half-sister, Da Brat, to her girlfriend Jesseca Dupart. Biba Adams May 1, 2020The Sisters Are Enjoying Bonding Time As The Due Date Approaches. Aside from the clip of LisaRaye rubbing her belly, the Brat Loves Judy star also shared a video of her getting her 35-week checkup.LisaRaye and Jesseca Harris-Dupart were present for the appointment as well.. Following this clip, Da Brat shared another video of the trio hanging out at home, where LisaRaye cooked up some food for ...
I know from neurosis. Seconds before writing this post, I heard “Hey Soul Sister” come up on our office’s playlist. I saw a visitor sitting someone from outside the company sitting.... Jambridge ambridge pa
LisaRaye McCoy's granddaughter Will Turn 7 in December. McCoy's granddaughter, Rae, was born on 17 December 2016, as Bella Rae Jeune. Her daughter, Kai Morae, was the first one to confirm the news via her Facebook, where she shared a snap of the baby's hospital bed a day later. "My little princess...made her entrance into the world last ...Lisa Raye. 4,124,477 likes · 3,757 talking about this. Actress, spokes model, mother, business woman...and FIRST LADY!!!LisaRaye has two famous sisters: Da Brat and Daphne Duplaix. Da Brat, whose real name is Shawntae Harris, is a renowned rapper and actress. She has achieved great success in the music industry with hits like "Funkdafied" and "Give It 2 You.". Daphne Duplaix, on the other hand, is an accomplished actress and model who has appeared in ...The actress shared an emotional message on Instagram revealing the devastating news. Actress LisaRaye McCoy revealed the passing of her mother, Katie McCoy, in a February 11 Instagram post. The circumstances surrounding the late 77-year-old's death haven't been announced, but LisaRaye shared that her grief was fresh.Y'all find out Lisa Raye & Da Brat are sisters every 3 years. — Juice (@OJTheKing) September 29, 2020. Hopefully, these two can get their sistership back on track. In the meantime, Twitter can ...Actress LisaRaye McCoy has been in the media lately for a couple of controversies. However, a lot of people had something to say when she clashed with her sister Da Brat while filming Fox Soul's "Cocktails with Queens.". For LisaRaye, she was hurt that Da Brat didn't tell her about her engagement. So she didn't hold back her feelings.Business. LisaRaye McCoy talks ‘All the Way Black,’ entrepreneurship. The actress is dishing on her upcoming shows, her flourishing business and her relationship with sister Da Brat.LisaRaye McCoy is ecstatic for her sister Da Brat who recently popped the question to her fiancee Jesseca Dupart and the couple has been glowing on social media over the last few weeks. isters really know each other best sometimes! LisaRaye McCoy is ecstatic for her sister Da Brat who recently popped the question to her fiancee Jesseca Dupart ...357. It was a family reunion for DaBrat and LisaRaye McCoy on Monday night's (Sep. 28) episode of Cocktails With Queens on Fox Soul … but things didn't go as well as one might expect. Da Brat hasn't spoken to her big sister in months. So she, for whatever reason, thought it would be a good idea to surprise Lisa for her 53rd birthday and ...In celebration of her sister’s 53rd birthday, Brat virtually appeared on LisaRaye's Fox Soul streaming talk show, Cocktails With Queens, with her sister's co …In this episode LisaRaye drives out to see her sister Da Brat (who knew?!) while she was still serving time for assault. On the way, LisaRaye recounts hearing Da Brat’s album for the first time. Apparently, she had never heard lil sis curse before because when she played the CD she got that mom face like “so I guess you grown now?”.LisaRaye McCoy. Actress: The Players Club. LisaRaye McCoy-Misick was born September 23, 1967 in Chicago, Illinois. She is of African American and Native American descent and is proud of her heritage. ... Soon following her little sister Da Brat into a career in music, LisaRaye next began collaborating with Benzino to record a song to be ...Balancing Motherhood, Career and Relationships With LisaRaye McCoy By: Nicole Scott. On the heels off a successful season of LisaRaye: The Real McCoy on TV One, the launch of her new clothing line, and a new romantic comedy, Single Ladies, LisaRaye is putting the final touches on her career and proving that a woman can have it all; if she is willing to work through the nose bleeds.In a recent interview, Lisa Raye called out Vivica Fox for swapping spit in public with her new boy toy but now pics have surfaced of him whispering sweet nothings in her ear… Lisa Raye: I ain't no Vivica either, honey. I ain't with the Cougar sh*t! You know my reputation …She's not a gold digger and she ain't gon' be with a broke ni**a!…LisaRaye McCoy. Highest Rated: 61% The Wood (1999) Lowest Rated: 35% The Players Club (1998) Birthday: Sep 23, 1966. Birthplace: Chicago, Illinois, USA. 61%.The 1000 lb Sisters are two sisters from Kentucky who have captured the hearts of viewers worldwide with their inspiring journey towards weight loss and improved health. Tammy and ....
Popular Topics
- Accident palm springs todayCarolina great pyr rescue
- Can you fake an amiiboOld nick jr logo
- Fedex burnet rdMcintosh mc252 review
- Famous people crime scene photosHow old is peja from rock squad
- Quest diagnostics merritt island photosLexus es 350 tpms reset button
- Movie times pullman square huntington wvHuntington bank auto payoff number
- Usa insulation of minneapolisHoward miller clock instruction manual