Large rooster breeds - Jan 27, 2024 · Egg Production (Annual): 150–250 eggs. A unique black chicken breed hailing from Chile, the Araucana is known for its blue-shelled eggs, a rare trait among chicken breeds. This breed is often confused with the Ameraucana and Easter Egger, both of which also lay colorful eggs but are actually hybrids of the Araucana.

 
. Heb columbus

Sumatra. This breed of fighting cock comes from Sumatra and surrounding islands like Borneo. They are considered jungle fowl versus game fowl, which is naturally wild. In Indonesia, cockfighters used to gather the roosters from the wild during the mating season and put them in cockfighting arenas for entertainment.Australorp. The sizable and statuesque Australorp is an excellent rooster if you want a diligent defender for your flock. These birds are big and surprisingly athletic, amenable to a wide range of temperatures, and still good-natured with people assuming you raise them from chicks and spend plenty of time with them.Large Corday Rooster Lamp, Rare White Glazed Rooster Lamp with Metal Base, 30 Inches Tall, 1940s, Farmhouse Decor. (352) $254.00. By Jennifer Brinley a Certified International large 11" scalloped ceramic plate with Damask Rooster. Plate 381.The California White chicken breed is a commercial hybrid, created by crossing a California Gray rooster with a White Leghorn hen. This breed is well-regarded for its high egg productivity, often exceeding 300 large white eggs per year, and it also has a robust nature and adaptability to varying conditions.A rooster fertilizes chicken eggs by mating with a hen before the formation of an egg. If a hen lays an egg without first mating with a rooster, the egg is not fertilized. However,...Large rooster breeds also tend to be excellent layers of eggs with good fertility rates, meaning they will produce larger numbers of eggs than other types of chickens. Additionally, some large rooster breeds are prized for having quality meat production capabilities if someone is interested in raising these birds for food purposes.This is a large breed that will weigh between 5-6lb. Hens are good layers and will give you 3-4 eggs each week. Also the ladies have a tendency towards broodiness and make good mothers. ... Even the hens can be aggressive with other breeds and roosters will fight and kill other chickens. This aggressive trait can also be problematic …Ancona Chicken ( Photo source) Ancona chickens are a breed that is easy for beginners to raise. They have firm white meat, and they are good layers. The hens have an average weight of 4.5 pounds and the roosters weigh in at around 5.5-6. This rare chicken breed originated in Italy.This is an ideal choice if you want one of the proven success stories. 5. Malay Gamefowl. Source: @happy_acresfarm. Malay Gamefowl is unique because of its long legs and upright stature, making it one of the tallest breeds of chicken. The breed usually stands at 26 to 35 inches tall and weighs 9 lbs. on average.This chicken was developed for meat production and is considered the largest chicken breed around the world. Jersey Giant Roosters are between 20 to 26″ inches tall and have an average weight of 13-15 pounds, although it is not uncommon to reach close to 20 pounds. Jersey Giant hens are around 14-20″ inches tall and weigh 10-12 pounds.Apr 10, 2022 · This chicken was developed for meat production and is considered the largest chicken breed around the world. Jersey Giant Roosters are between 20 to 26″ inches tall and have an average weight of 13-15 pounds, although it is not uncommon to reach close to 20 pounds. Jersey Giant hens are around 14-20″ inches tall and weigh 10-12 pounds. 10,684. 186. 321. Maylay's and Shamo's are generaly considered to be the biggest and tallest of all chicken breeds. Aug 30, 2011.Do you know how to build an insulated dog house? Find out how to build an insulated dog house in this article from HowStuffWorks. Advertisement There are some breeds of dogs that c...The Jersey Giant is an American breed developed in New Jersey in the 1800s. The breed was designed primarily as a meat source to rival turkeys and has become recognized worldwide as the largest chicken breed. Jersey Giants certainly live up to their purposeful history. Roosters average 20-26 inches in height and 13-15 pounds.This is probably one of the largest breeds you will ever see. The Jersey Giant lives up to its name. Hens will grow to 8-9lb and the roosters to 11-13lb! They are a dual-purpose breed raised for meat and eggs. This black hen will lay 3 extra-large brown eggs per week and will occasionally go broody.Typically, females weigh between 4.5 and 5 pounds, whereas males can weigh up to 7 pounds. Black Ancona chickens have an average lifespan of 8-10 years. 5. Ayam Cemani Chicken (Small and Fancy) The Ayam Cemani Chicken is a unique black plumage breed that is extremely unusual and exotic.Mar 16, 2022 · This is probably one of the largest breeds you will ever see. The Jersey Giant lives up to its name. Hens will grow to 8-9lb and the roosters to 11-13lb! They are a dual-purpose breed raised for meat and eggs. This black hen will lay 3 extra-large brown eggs per week and will occasionally go broody. Difference between the sizes of a Brahma Blue rooster and a bantam rooster. In the 21st century, ... Most large chicken breeds have a bantam counterpart, sometimes referred to as a miniature. Miniatures are usually one-fifth to one-quarter the size of the standard breed, but they are expected to exhibit all of the standard breed's ...1. Kelso. The Kelso breed is renowned worldwide for its aggressive nature and fighting spirit. These medium-sized roosters have long, muscular legs and broad shoulders. With their distinctive yellow beaks and red-brown plumage, Kelso roosters are a formidable force in the ring. 2.Langshan chickens are a very large breed. Although not the heaviest breed, they are the tallest of the non-game chicken breeds. Roosters: 9.5 lbs Hens: 7.5 lbs Bantam roosters: 36 oz ... Langshan roosters are one of the friendlier breeds of roosters. Like Langshan hens, roosters tend to be calm, docile, and friendly. ...May 16, 2020 · Hamburg. The Hamburg chicken has been traced back to fourteenth century Holland where they are thought to have originated. They are sometimes known as Moonies because of their plumage. They are a small breed, with hens only weighing 4lb. The breed is quite hard to find and is on the Livestock Conservancy watch list. Royal Canin’s giant breed-specific puppy formula is made for extra-large breed puppies up to 8 months old — once they reach this age, you can switch to Royal …Large Rooster Breeds. In general, the roosters in any given chicken breed will be slightly bigger than hens. In large chicken breeds, the roosters can reach massive weights and heights! Having a large rooster in your backyard flock can be so much fun, however you will also need to make sure your coop is set up to accommodate a large bird.2. Ameraucana White Chicken. Image Credit: Vampyre Zen, Shutterstock. Weight: 5.5–6.5 pounds. The Ameraucana chicken is another chicken that’s best known for producing blue eggs instead of the white and brown eggs we normally see. Many people label the Araucana and the Ameraucana chickens as Easter Egger chickens. 3.Originally kept for their eggs and meat, these magnificent roosters came from France. With their full plumage and feathered feet, faverolles roosters are large, weighing approximately 11 pounds. Small house flocks or children’s pets are common, and they are fairly gentle. Also, in contrast to other breeds, Faverolles roosters are remarkably calm.Mar 16, 2022 · This is probably one of the largest breeds you will ever see. The Jersey Giant lives up to its name. Hens will grow to 8-9lb and the roosters to 11-13lb! They are a dual-purpose breed raised for meat and eggs. This black hen will lay 3 extra-large brown eggs per week and will occasionally go broody. 1. Jersey Giant. Which Large Chicken Is Right For You? 10. Orpington. Although they are the smallest breed on this list, Orpington hens will still reach an impressive 8 pounds. Orpington roosters can weigh 10 …Eggs: Up to 100 per year. Meat: Poor quality. The name seems hard to pronounce, but the Belgian Bearded d’Uccle (pronounced dew-clay) is a small chicken breed you have to consider. This chicken is often referred to as the Mille Fleur, which is simply the most color variant in which this chicken is found.However, if you really want a rooster that your kids can pick up and enjoy time with, this is one of the types of roosters for you. Read more about Cochin Chicken. 8. Buff Orpington Rooster. Lifespan: 8 years. Weight:8 – 10 lbs. Color: Buff, White, Blue and Black, The Buff Orpington is the favorite hen of many.6. Pekin Bantam. Pekins are lovely and fluffy chickens. These chickens have lovely, long feathers on their legs and feet which come in white, black, buff, and blue. Their leg feathers will depend on the color of their wings. They come in a wide variety of colors, including white, black, buff, and blue.These breeds can grow to be quite large, with some roosters weighing in at around 15 pounds and hens reaching up to 10 pounds. Some of the most popular giant chicken breeds include the Brahma, the Jersey Giant, the Plymouth Rock, and the Orpington. There are many giant chicken breeds to choose from, each with its own unique characteristics.Jersey Giant Roosters And Hens. As the name suggests, Jersey Giants are the largest black rooster breed, true poultry Giants, weighing up to a whopping 13 pounds (on occasion, as much as 15 lbs!). Originating in …1. Jersey Giant. Which Large Chicken Is Right For You? 10. Orpington. Although they are the smallest breed on this list, Orpington hens will still reach an impressive 8 pounds. Orpington roosters can weigh 10 pounds and stand at 16 inches tall. They have large wide bodies that appear even bigger due to the extreme fluffiness of their feathers.1. Barred Rocks Chicken. A Barred Rock Hen Picture. Picture credit: thomaspix. Barred Rocks is an old American large chicken breed to delineate barred black or white feathers. It has been famous since the …A rooster fertilizes chicken eggs by mating with a hen before the formation of an egg. If a hen lays an egg without first mating with a rooster, the egg is not fertilized. However,...Cochin. If you want a docile chicken breed that is a gentle giant, Cochin chicken is a good option. Another docile breed that originated from China, the Cochin was prized for its large size. This breed can reach up to 8–11 lbs. and come in different colors.Self-made millionaires and reality TV stars “Butch” Gilliam and “Rooster” McConaughey explain how to manage your finances effectively. By clicking "TRY IT", I agree to receive news...Aug 28, 2023 · Let’s explore some of the world’s giant chicken breeds that redefine the meaning of “big”. 1. Jersey Giant. Source: @lpg_frischer_wind. Weight – 13 pounds. Height – 26 inches. Eggs per year – 150 to 200. Egg size – Large. Starting off our curated list is the Jersey Giant. Delaware Developed originally as a commercial, dual-purpose breed but later replaced by hybrids, Delawares today make excellent backyard chickens. They typically lay four, large, brown eggs a week far into the winter months. Faverolles. A chicken bred in France, the Faverolles is a dual purpose bird and succeeds as such. Welsummer Chicken Size and Weight. As a medium-sized breed, Welsummer chickens are lighter than other dual-purpose breeds. When hatched, Welsummer chicks typically weigh around 34 to 38 grams (1.2 to 1.3 ounces). Roosters typically weigh around 7–8 pounds, while hens average around 5–6 pounds.The Jersey Giant chicken is a remarkable breed known for its impressive size and unique characteristics. As the name suggests, the Jersey Giant is one of the largest chicken breeds in the world. These majestic birds can reach an astounding size, with males weighing up to 13 pounds and females averaging around 10 pounds.Too many roosters and not enough hens will cause a stir. (The exact number may vary depending on your individual flock, but I usually keep at least 6 hens for every rooster). Don’t keep roosters…sadly, they are the ones making the loudest noise in the poultry world. If you want less noise, you can cut the rooster from the flock.A dripper is a great addition to the birdbath in your garden. The sound attracts birds, and the rippling water prevents mosquitoes from breeding, making your birdbath the freshest,...A rooster is a male chicken, and a hen is a female chicken. While it is often difficult to tell them apart when they are young, some basic physical characteristics distinguish roos...Bantam roosters are perfect for smaller backyard spaces or urban environments where space is limited. Despite their small stature, bantam roosters are still capable of crowing and protecting their hens. They’re known to be less aggressive than some larger rooster breeds, making them a suitable choice for families with children.Bantam roosters are perfect for smaller backyard spaces or urban environments where space is limited. Despite their small stature, bantam roosters are still capable of crowing and protecting their hens. They’re known to be less aggressive than some larger rooster breeds, making them a suitable choice for families with children.The Jersey Giant might be a large chicken breed, but luckily, it’s not that large! Nevertheless, this chicken is the largest purebred chicken breed in the United States. The only other breeds that come close are those that have been hybridized (as well as several smaller- albeit still hefty – breeds like Brahams). An easy to raise chicken ...Roosters weigh up to 4.5 lbs, while hens usually do not exceed 3.5 lbs. Eggs: 180 eggs per year: Egg Color: Cream: Egg Size: Small: Weight: 3.5 – 4.5 lbs: ... Jersey Giant was developed as a large dual-purpose breed by cross-breeding Black Javas, Black Langshans, and Dark Brahmas. They come in three color varieties: Black, …Mar 16, 2022 · This is probably one of the largest breeds you will ever see. The Jersey Giant lives up to its name. Hens will grow to 8-9lb and the roosters to 11-13lb! They are a dual-purpose breed raised for meat and eggs. This black hen will lay 3 extra-large brown eggs per week and will occasionally go broody. This chicken was developed for meat production and is considered the largest chicken breed around the world. Jersey Giant Roosters are between 20 to 26″ inches tall and have an average weight of 13-15 pounds, although it is not uncommon to reach close to 20 pounds. Jersey Giant hens are around 14-20″ inches tall and weigh 10-12 pounds.The British Poultry Standards recognise 93 pure chicken breeds, classified by size, feathering, origin, and rarity. You will find all of these below in our A-Z of chicken breeds. The ancestor of our domesticated breeds is the Red Junglefowl. Thanks to poultry fanciers and small scale farmers, it appears in many stunning disguises today.Malay roosters are also quite large compared to other breeds. They reach up to 3′ feet tall, making for one large rooster. Malay roosters are very dominant birds. They will treat any threat accordingly and often kill their opponents. Like other highly aggressive roosters, the Malay will attack cats, dogs, and humans.Weigh about a third as much as the full-size Marans i.e. an average of 2.2 pounds (2.4 pounds for rooster, 1.98 pounds for hen) versus 7.27 pounds (8.26 pounds for rooster, 6.39 pounds for hen) for the regular Marans. Bantam Marans exist in several varieties including: Black Copper (called Brown-red in France) Birchen. Silver cuckoo.Large breeds carry more weight causing a harder landing from roosts and flutters. ... Black Sumatras tend to breed seasonally. Roosters can live together agreeably until their breeding season begins and boy do things change! Hens are generally only broody during breeding season. This makes this black chicken breed one to keep only for ...Brahmas are very docile and calm chickens that actually do best in northern climates as they are able to handle the cold much better than other breeds. 4. Cochin. Image Credit: Pixabay. The Cochin hails from China and is a large chicken with a ton of feathers that comes in about nine color varieties.Breed Profile: Brahma Chickens. Giant Brahma chickens have gained immense popularity among backyard chicken enthusiasts for their remarkable size, friendly demeanor, and the charming variety they bring to chicken coops across the world. ... Roosters can reach a height of 30 inches and hens around 26 inches. This substantial size is a testament ...Bantam roosters can have some serious Napoleonic complexes. You can also find some wicked aggressive bantam roosters, but without some degree of heft or height, they’re not going to be effective at defending the flock. Large roosters are imposing, but the larger they go, the more tame and inattentive they tend to be.Oct 10, 2022 · Cochins can take up to two years to mature since they are slow growers. When they are fully grown, the male can weigh in at 11 pounds, with the female weighing around 8 ½ pounds. The bantams weigh in at 30oz. For the male and 26oz. For the female. The acceptable colorings for this breed vary from the US to the UK. Let’s explore some of the world’s giant chicken breeds that redefine the meaning of “big”. 1. Jersey Giant. Source: @lpg_frischer_wind. Weight – 13 pounds. Height – 26 inches. Eggs per year – 150 to 200. Egg size – Large. Starting off our curated list is the Jersey Giant.Dark Brahmas can be broody and lay medium to large-sized brown eggs. 7. Lakenvelder. Lakenvelder chickens are elegantly beautiful with black feathering on their heads and necks, along with black and white feathering on their bodies. They also have shiny black feathers with a gorgeous green sheen on their tails.Max Weight (Rooster): 6.6 lbs. Special Fact: The breed had all but disappeared by 1900 but was revived. White Plymouth Rock Chicken. ... It was later used to develop broiler breeds for use in large-scale chicken production. The hens lay around 200 sizeable brown eggs every year and the roosters can be as heavy as 9.5 pounds.Java Roosters are gentle, calm and docile with humans. Roosters are very alert and protective of their chickens. They are constantly ahead of their flocks in order to protect them and fight to protect their flock from any danger. 5. Silkie. This breed is known for its calm behavior, as it is not completely noisy.Originating from Australia, Australorps are friendly and docile birds that are known for their prodigious egg-laying abilities. This breed can adapt well to various environments and has all the qualities of a perfect large chicken breed. Weight: Males 8.5 lbs, Females 6.5 lbs. Egg Size: Large. Egg Color: Light Brown.When starting a poultry farm, one of the most important decisions you’ll make is choosing the right poultry breeds. The breeds you select will determine the success and profitabili...Reading Time: 6 minutes-by Doug Ottinger Whether you have a purebred flock or a mixed flock, choosing the right types of roosters (or rooster) will certainly add more than just a “real farm” feeling to your property. While many of us enjoy hearing a rooster crow throughout the day or seeing a beautiful boy strut across the yard, there …The Giant is a docile, mellow bird in general, even the roosters. They are known as friendly birds, and several folks have kept them as pets rather than their intended purpose of table birds. ... Large …A standard Jersey Giant rooster weighs ~13 pounds and a hen weighs ~10 pounds. Think about that for a minute. Your Jersey Giant hens will weigh more than most of your roosters from other breeds! Jersey Giants are also very tall with roosters reaching ~2 feet in height and hens reaching 1.5 feet.Hamburg. The Hamburg chicken has been traced back to fourteenth century Holland where they are thought to have originated. They are sometimes known as Moonies because of their plumage. They are a small breed, with hens only weighing 4lb. The breed is quite hard to find and is on the Livestock Conservancy watch list.A Faverolle rooster can weigh about 8 lbs, while the hens can attain a weight of up to 6.5 lbs. Their bantam varieties weigh up to 2.5 lbs for the roosters and 2 lbs for the bantam hens. 7. California White Chicken. California White Chicken. The California white chickens are a fast-growing and quiet breed.The Jersey Giant is widely recognized as the largest chicken breed in the world. Originally they were known as Giants or Black Giants. Roosters weigh up to 15 pounds and hens weigh up to 11 pounds. This breed comes in white, blue and black feathering. Interestingly the black colored giants are usually heavier than the white …Doomsday Cults - Doomsday cults is a term related to cults. Learn about doomsday cults at HowStuffWorks. Advertisement ­While most small, non-mainstream religions are harmless, cer...Brahmas are very docile and calm chickens that actually do best in northern climates as they are able to handle the cold much better than other breeds. 4. Cochin. Image Credit: Pixabay. The Cochin hails from China and is a large chicken with a ton of feathers that comes in about nine color varieties.Max Weight (Rooster): 6.6 lbs. Special Fact: The breed had all but disappeared by 1900 but was revived. White Plymouth Rock Chicken. ... It was later used to develop broiler breeds for use in large-scale chicken production. The hens lay around 200 sizeable brown eggs every year and the roosters can be as heavy as 9.5 pounds.Your garage can be prone to having excessive humidity. Coupling that with it being dim most of the time, makes it the perfect breeding ground for Expert Advice On Improving Your Ho...If you’re looking for a chicken breed that won’t make a lot of noise, you’ve come to the right place. We’ve compiled a list of the 15 quietest chicken breeds to help you choose the right one for your flock. 1. Ameraucana 2. Ancona. 3. Andalusian 4. Australorp 5. Bielefelder Kennhühner.A Black Java hen; the Java played a role in the creation of some of the American class breeds, such as the Rhode Island Red. The American Class contains thirteen breeds which originated in Canada or the United States. [1] : 11 All are heavy breeds, and most lay brown eggs; [1] : 11 most are cold-hardy: [2] Buckeye. Chantecler. Delaware. Dominique.The ISA Brown is a crossbreed of a few different chicken breeds, like the Rhode Island Red and Whites. They are considered some of the best egg-laying chickens around, bred solely for production. One hen can lay up to 300 or more eggs per year. ISA Brown chickens are usually docile and amiable with people and farm life alike.The Bantam has a big attitude and is not afraid to take on any opponent, making it one of the most dangerous fighting rooster breeds. 10. Hatch Twist. The Hatch Twist is a breed of fighting rooster developed in the United States. It is a medium bird, with cocks weighing up to five pounds and hens up to four pounds.Chicken Breeds. The British Poultry Standards recognise 93 pure chicken breeds, classified by size, feathering, origin, and rarity. You will find all of these below in our A-Z of chicken breeds. The ancestor of our domesticated breeds is the Red Junglefowl. Thanks to poultry fanciers and small scale farmers, it appears in many stunning ...

The New Hampshire Red is a relatively new breed of chicken, having only been bred for the past 100 years or so. The rooster can grow to around 9 pounds, while the hen will produce approximately 200 eggs a year.. Portland maine skycam

large rooster breeds

Even the roosters are very friendly birds. They make good pets for the backyard or barn. ... Blue Jersey Giant-Blue breed varieties were formed by breeding plumage color and were registered in 2003. They have willow color shanks with clean legs and four toes. Black Jersey Giant chickens are black, and they have black feathers and …Mar 8, 2024 · Unlike roosters of other breeds, Banty roosters do not mind the occasional affection from keepers. a Light Brahma rooster. 2. Brahma Roosters. Roosters (heck, even hens) of this chicken breed can often intimidate newbie keepers because of their monstrous size. However, Brahma roosters are often gentle giants. Small dogs can make great companions, but it can be difficult to find the right breed for you. Whether you’re looking for a lapdog or a playful pup, there are plenty of small dog b...Dec 21, 2023 · Dong tao chicken is a large breed from Vietnam. The roosters weigh in at about 13 pounds (5.9 kilograms) and the hens are a bit lighter at 9.9 pounds (4.5 kilograms). This rare breed also goes by "dragon chicken" because of the red scales that cover its feet. In Vietnam, the legs are a staple among the rich during Tet, the Vietnamese Lunar New ... Malay roosters are also quite large compared to other breeds. They reach up to 3′ feet tall, making for one large rooster. Malay roosters are very dominant birds. They will treat any threat accordingly and often kill their opponents. Like other highly aggressive roosters, the Malay will attack cats, dogs, and humans.15. Faverolles. 14. Orpington. 13. Langshan. 12. Java. 11. Welsummer. 10. Silkie. 9. Australorp. 8. Sussex. 7. Polish. 6. Rhode Island Red. 5. Brahma. 4. Barbu …Oct 11, 2021 ... Providing shade and cool water for all chickens is necessary anyway. On the other hand, as one might guess, Brahmas are very cold tolerant. The ...Wyandotte chicken is a dual-purpose breed. It’s best known for laying brown eggs and delicious tasting meat. ... Hens and roosters prefer larger spaces, but hens remain calm in large or small fields. Try to mix your Wyandotte with other calm breeds such as the Orpington, Australorp, Plymouth Rock, Welsummer chicken, and Sussex. Avoid …Apr 10, 2022 · This chicken was developed for meat production and is considered the largest chicken breed around the world. Jersey Giant Roosters are between 20 to 26″ inches tall and have an average weight of 13-15 pounds, although it is not uncommon to reach close to 20 pounds. Jersey Giant hens are around 14-20″ inches tall and weigh 10-12 pounds. Hamburg. The Hamburg chicken has been traced back to fourteenth century Holland where they are thought to have originated. They are sometimes known as Moonies because of their plumage. They are a small breed, with hens only weighing 4lb. The breed is quite hard to find and is on the Livestock Conservancy watch list.Cochin. If you want a docile chicken breed that is a gentle giant, Cochin chicken is a good option. Another docile breed that originated from China, the Cochin was prized for its large size. This breed can reach up to 8–11 lbs. and come in different colors.Bantam roosters can have some serious Napoleonic complexes. You can also find some wicked aggressive bantam roosters, but without some degree of heft or height, they’re not going to be effective at defending the flock. Large roosters are imposing, but the larger they go, the more tame and inattentive they tend to be.2. Ameraucana White Chicken. Image Credit: Vampyre Zen, Shutterstock. Weight: 5.5–6.5 pounds. The Ameraucana chicken is another chicken that’s best known for producing blue eggs instead of the white and brown eggs we normally see. Many people label the Araucana and the Ameraucana chickens as Easter Egger chickens. 3.Popular Breeds. Some popular bantam chicken breeds include the Silkie Bantam, known for its distinct, silk-like feathers giving it a fluffy appearance, and the Japanese Bantam, which is a small and friendly breed. Cochin Bantam: Originating from Beijing, China, this breed is among the most adorable Bantams to add to any backyard flock. It has a ...This large breed of chicken is known to be particularly savvy when it comes to evading predators, and these survival skills mean they are particularly suited to free-range living. Rhode Island Red roosters have a reputation for aggressive natures, so it may be best to stick to hens if this is your preferred large chicken breed..

Popular Topics